Skadi - Death Foreshadowing Demon
For translation methodology see: How to Translate Alphabetic Akkadian Texts
For translation methodology see: How to Translate Alphabetic Akkadian Texts
(March 7, 2025) This seems to be a post-restoration picture. Notice the label above his head written in the standard Druid Akkadian style of right to left spelling ŠKARY. If translated as ŠK.AR.Y it means "The narrow-thing is not in control." This may be the source word for "scary" via middle English "sker" (1400 CE) meaning "fear" as it does not come from Indo-European. What "narrow-thing" means is not certain.
This fresco was found in the François Tomb in Tuscany, Italy. The François Tomb is an important painted Etruscan tomb from the Ponte Rotto Necropolis in the Etruscan city of Vulci, Lazio, in central Italy. It was discovered in 1857 by Alessandro François and Adolphe Noël des Vergers. It dates to the last quarter of the 300's BCE
(March 7, 2025) Unfortunately, no better picture exists allowing for translation of the other labels. This shows a killing being supervised by skadi/scary with spirits on the left and warriors on the right.
Photo at: https://www.lafune.eu/restituite-a-vulci-i-dipinti-della-tomba-francois/
Photo: French National Library Number: De Ridder.920a. The Bibliothèque nationale de France is the national library of France, located in Paris on two main sites known respectively as Richelieu and François-Mitterrand. It is the national repository of all that is published in France. This is on display at the Museum's Richelieu site. Online at: https://medaillesetantiques.bnf.fr/ws/catalogue/app/collection/record/5714?vc=ePkH4LF7w1I94aqfsJQGpkZopb6-HeEUCs0ZZaU5yZlgDbBQAQAAqC-Q
(Updated March 30, 2024) This scene shows Skadi standing over an execution. The Greek writing direction of left to right, opposite that of Akkadian, probably originated with these short Akkadian phrases which could be perceived as single words in the native tongue when read in the opposite direction.
Vulci, where it was found, was a major Etruscan city located 80 km north of Rome along the coast on the Fiora River. During the 1800's hundreds of ancient tombs around Vulci were discovered and looted. Many of these artifacts have found their way into the major museums of the world but many likely remain hidden away in private collections. Despite these discoveries most of these tombs were later forgotten and lost.
Translation in Akkadian (Med 22.3)
(read right to left. Capital letters on pot. Inner vowels inferred. Verb is italic-bold)In English
As Greek Words (left to right)
Photo: French National Library Number: De Ridder.920b. The Bibliothèque nationale de France is the national library of France, located in Paris on two main sites known respectively as Richelieu and François-Mitterrand. It is the national repository of all that is published in France. This is on display at the Museum's Richelieu site. Online at: https://medaillesetantiques.bnf.fr/ws/catalogue/app/collection/record/5714?vc=ePkH4LF7w1I94aqfsJQGpkZopb6-HeEUCs0ZZaU5yZlgDbBQAQAAqC-Q
(Updated March 30, 2024) Front side of this krater shows a scene illustrating treachery with the demon Skadi in the middle.
Translation in Akkadian
(read right to left. Capital letters on pot. Inner vowels inferred, Verb is italic-bold)In English
Translation in Akkadian
(read right to left. Capital letters on pot. Inner vowels inferred. Verb is italic-bold)In English
Photo: French National Library Number: De Ridder.918b. The Bibliothèque nationale de France is the national library of France, located in Paris on two main sites known respectively as Richelieu and François-Mitterrand. It is the national repository of all that is published in France. This is on display at the Museum's Richelieu site. Online at: https://medaillesetantiques.bnf.fr/ws/catalogue/app/collection/record/3981?vc=ePkH4LF7w1I94aqfsJQGpkZopb6-HeEUCs0ZZaU5yZlgDbBQAQAAqC-Q
Translation in Akkadian
(read right to left. Capital letters on pot. Inner vowels inferred)In English
(Updated March 30, 2024) The krater on the left shows the demon Skadi on far right threatening a dancing couple representing the coherence of life and motion powers with an angry snake. To the right of the couple is another demon with an axe ready to cut links out of the life network.
Some graffiti was scratched above the snake and on either side of the “V” on the opposite side. The dancing couple are the life goddess Ayu identified by her snake skin hat and some god identified by his tiara. This was found in 1844.
This text is blaming the motion powers for a drought and blaming emotion magic rituals for not being an effective cure. "Expectations" are generated by emotion magic rituals and these rituals were being done to push the fertility fluids through the life network represented by the goddess Ayu. The astrological motion powers represented by the full moon god Su are not being blamed. The cure for the drought is from supporting the life powers of the Ancient Pagan Paradigm.
Translation in Akkadian
(read right to left. Capital letters on pot. Inner vowels inferred)In English
Vulci was a major Etruscan city located 80 km north of Rome along the coast on the Fiora River. During the 1800's hundreds of ancient tombs around Vulci were discovered and looted. Many of these artifacts have found their way into the major museums of the world but many likely remain hidden away in private collections. Despite these discoveries most of these tombs were later forgotten and lost.
(March 7, 2025) It is now located at the State Collection of Antiquities, Munich (Staatlichen Antikensammlungen).
https://life-globe.com/en/staatlichen-antikensammlungen-munich/
Photo from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staatliche_Antikensammlung_etruscan_Charun_500BC_01_1.jpg
(March 7, 2025) Now at the Paris Museum.
(March 30, 2024) Skadi (Skaði in Old Norse) is first mentioned in Etruscan texts but Skadi is most well known from a later Christian influenced Nordic traditions. In these texts Skadi is presented as a woman and the wife of Njörðr and mother of Freyr although this earliest story only indicates that Njörðr had offspring with their mother not being mentioned. Her gender as a woman was assumed from her/his temporary relationship with Freyr despite the story being more about her inability to live among the living than any love match. The Nordic story is found in a text called the GYLFAGINNING which is the first main part of the Prose Edda (1200-1300 CE) after the initial Prologue. It is:
The English word "Shadow" comes from the word "Skadi" via Middle English shadwe, from Old English sceadwe, sceaduwe. Similar formation in Old Saxon skado, Middle Dutch schaeduwe, Dutch schaduw, Old High German scato, German schatten, Gothic skadus "shadow, shade." The phrase "Shadow of Death" comes from the Vulgate umbra mortis (Psalm xxiii.4, etc.), which translates in Greek as skia thanatou. In "Beowulf," Grendel is a sceadugenga, a shadow-goer, and another word for "darkness" is sceaduhelm (land of shadow). To be afraid of one's (own) shadow is from 1580s. (https://www.etymonline.com/word/shadow)
Scandinavia as the land of shadows also likely derives from Skadi.