Negev (Hebron, Beersheba, Arad) Texts 840- 605 BCE

For translation methodology see: How to Translate Alphabetic Akkadian Texts

Lake bottom Core sample data from the Sea of Galilee showing the droughts
Lake bottom Core sample data from the Sea of Galilee. In historical times it shows two major droughts with several minor ones. Minor droughts are indicated anytime the curves turn downward. 
The 50 year long Great Drought of 1180 to 1140 BCE (Iron Age 1 period) is what ended the Bronze Age and the 5-year long Elijah drought of 845-840 BCE. The yellow gives the tree pollen level while the green gives the non-tree pollen level. (Langut and Finkelsein 2013)

Droughts Defined the Archaeological Periods in the Levant

(May 3, 2023) Droughts separate the archaeological periods in the Levant. States weakened by local droughts were often subject to raids right after the droughts by Mesopotamian empires which were unaffected due to their irrigation. Below is the latest widely accepted chronology proposed by Amihai Mazar in 2014 shown below: 

Droughts According to Drought Chart

  1. 1180-1140 BCE - Great Drought
  2. 980 BCE
  3. 845-840 BCE - Elijah Drought
  4. 732 BCE - led to Assyrian invasion  
  5. 605 BCE - led to Babylonian invasion 

Diagnostic Letter Shapes For Dating

  1. 605 BCE - "A" has square peak. "L" has hooked appendage.
  2. 732 BCE - "A" has pointed peak.  "L" has flat appendage.

References

Langut, D. Finkelsein, I, Litt, T. (2013) Climate and the Late Bronze Collapse: New Evidence from the Levant. Tel Aviv 40:149-175. Online at https://www.academia.edu/6053886/Climate_and_the_Late_Bronze_Collapse_New_Evidence_from_the_Southern_Levant
Mazar, Amihai (2005) The Debate over the Chronology of the Iron Age in the Southern Levant: its History, the Current Situation and a Suggested Resolution. pp. 15-30 in: T. Levy and T. Higham (editors), The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating - Archaeology, Text and Science. London. Online at: https://www.academia.edu/2632501/The_Debate_over_the_Chronology_of_the_Iron_Age_in_the_Southern_Levant_its_History_the_Current_Situation_and_a_Suggested_Resolution_2005
"Lack of Yahu" Jug from Hebron south of Jerusalem. 840 BCE
Jug is from the Hebron area south of Jerusalem. The letters are similar to the Gezer tablet which dates it to about 840 BCE around the time of the Elijah drought. It is now on displayed at the Rockefeller Archaeological Museum in Jerusalem. Letter assignments added by Olmsted. Online at: https://www.imj.org.il/en/collections/380302-0

"Lack of Yahu" Jug from Hebron (840 BCE)

(March 16, 2023) These jugs are either used for temple storage or are being sent out to peripheral households around the temple who ordered their content for their own rituals. It is 21 cm high and 13.5 cm in diameter.

Translation in Akkadian 

(Read right to left. Capital letters on tablet. Small letters are inferred Inner vowels. Verb is italic bold).
  1. Lu  YaḪu  Ma  Lu (Levant Text 51.1)

In English. 

  1. Lack of Yahu is from a lack of fertility-fluids

Museum claims the text is Hebrew translated as: "Of Yehumal." Names are not a translation.

"Lack of Su" Jug from Beersheba south of Jerusalem 840 BCE)
Jug is from the Hebron area south of Jerusalem. It is now on display at the Rockefeller Archaeological Museum in Jerusalem. Online at https://www.imj.org.il/en/collections/395170-0

"Lack of Su" Jug from Beersheba (840 BCE)

(March 16, 2023) These jugs are either used for temple storage or are being sent out to peripheral households around the temple who ordered their content for their own rituals. It is 19 cm high and 17 cm in diameter.

Translation in Akkadian 

(Read right to left. Capital letters on tablet. Small letters are inferred Inner vowels. Verb is italic bold)
  1. Lu  Su  Epu  YaHu  Pu (Levant Text 52.1)

In English. 

  1. Lack of Su is drying-out YaHu's openings
Seal bought in Jerusalem allegedly from Hebron area. Now at Israel Museum (69.66.551) in Jerusalem. Seal made from Ivory or bone, 15 x 13 x 6 mm.

Hebron: Blaming Goddess Selu/Selene for the Drought (730 BCE)

(April 22, 2023)  Image (double lines) is that of the sky-shell.  This date is mostly determined by the pointy style of the letter "A." Selu is the motion source goddess representing the light and life motion power emanations from the stars.

Translation in Akkadian (Levant Text 60.69)

(Read right to left. Capital letters on seal. Small letters are inferred Inner vowels. Verb is italic bold)
  1. Lu  ALu  ISsu  Ku (Levant Text 60.69.1) 
  2. Bu  Zu  APu (Levant 60.69.2)

(Dual use letters are E/H, I/Y, U/W, and '/A in which vowel appears at beginning of words except for Yahu which is keeping its traditional Hebrew transliteration)

In English. 

  1. Lack of Alu involves the Woman (Selu, Selene) 
  2. Nourishments are veiled by emanations

Previous Hebrew Translation Attempt

Some Hebrew language scholars claim the text reads as follows: 

Reference

Avigad, Nahman; Sass, Benjamin (1997) Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals. Published by THE ISRAEL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES, THE ISRAEL EXPLORA TION SOCIETY, THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, asnd THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM. Online at: https://www.academia.edu/4786835/1997_Avigad_N_revised_and_completed_by_Sass_B_Corpus_of_West_Semitic_stamp_seals_Jerusalem 
Bought in Jerusalem, allegedly from Hebron. Now in the T. Kollek collection in Jerusalem (exhibited in the Israel Museum, Jerusalem, accession number 71.93). Seal is made from carnelian, 9.5 x 7.5 x 5 mm.

Hebron: Prosperity Depends On Not Activating Eagle-Vultures (710-610 BCE)

(May 10, 2023) Eagle-Vultures edit the life-network by cutting of the threads/channels. If they go out of control then famine is the result.

Translation in Akkadian (Levant Text 60.204)

(Read right to left. Capital letters on seal. Small letters are inferred Inner vowels. Verb is italic bold)
  1. Lu  Ya  Ru  Ku  Ya  ESu (Levant Text 60.204.1) 

(Dual use letters are E/H, I/Y, U/W, and '/A in which vowel appears at beginning of words except for Yahu which is keeping its traditional Hebrew transliteration)

In English 

  1. Not lacking is from eagle-vultures not getting involved with the filtrate

Previous Hebrew Translation Attempt

Some Hebrew language scholars claim the text reads as follows: 

  1. Belonging to Yinniyahu

References

Avigad, Nahman; Sass, Benjamin (1997) Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals. Published by THE ISRAEL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES, THE ISRAEL EXPLORATION SOCIETY, THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, and THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM. Online at: https://www.academia.edu/4786835/1997_Avigad_N_revised_and_completed_by_Sass_B_Corpus_of_West_Semitic_stamp_seals_Jerusalem 
Find location not reported. Now at Israel Museum in Jerusalem (number 85.15.18). Seal is made of  brownish chalcedony, 17 x 14 x 9 mm.

Prosperity Depends On Not Activating Eagle-Vultures (710-610 BCE)

(May 10, 2023) Similar text to sealing 204.

Translation in Akkadian (Levant Text 60.205)

(Read right to left. Capital letters on seal. Small letters are inferred Inner vowels. Verb is italic bold)
  1. Lu Ya  Ru  Ku  Ya  ESu (Levant Text 60.205.1) 
  2. Bu  UKu  Wu  Ḫu  Ku (Levant Text 60.205.2) 

(Dual use letters are E/H, I/Y, U/W, and '/A in which vowel appears at beginning of words except for Yahu which is keeping its traditional Hebrew transliteration)

In English 

  1.  Not lacking is from eagle-vultures not getting involved with the filtrate.  
  2. The nourishment weaving would crimp Hu's involvement

Previous Hebrew Translation Attempt

Some Hebrew language scholars claim the text reads as follows: 

  1. Belonging to Yirmiyahu
  2. son of Menahem

References

Avigad, Nahman; Sass, Benjamin (1997) Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals. Published by THE ISRAEL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES, THE ISRAEL EXPLORATION SOCIETY, THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, and THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM. Online at: https://www.academia.edu/4786835/1997_Avigad_N_revised_and_completed_by_Sass_B_Corpus_of_West_Semitic_stamp_seals_Jerusalem 
Bought in Jerusalem, allegedly from Hebron. Now in the Y. Einhorn collection, Tel Aviv, Israel. Seal made of amethyst, 11 x 8.5 x 5 mm.

Drought Due To Controllers Improperly Redirecting the Filtrate (605 BCE Drought)

(May 8, 2023) Image is of an Egyptianized eagle-vulture appearing as a winged dung beetle (scarab) pushing the sun. This sort eagle-vulture was called "Khepri" in Egyptian. The word “Controllers” is an epithet for the Goddess Ayu, eagle-vultures, and owls who direct and control the flow of fertility-fluids through the life network.

Translation in Akkadian (Levant Text 60.188)

(Read right to left. Capital letters on seal. Small letters are inferred Inner vowels. Verb is italic bold)
  1. Lu  IWu  ARu (Levant Text 60.188.1) 

(Dual use letters are E/H, I/Y, U/W, and '/A in which vowel appears at beginning of words except for Yahu which is keeping its traditional Hebrew transliteration)

In English 

  1.  Lack is from redirecting the Controllers

Previous Hebrew Translation Attempt

Some Hebrew language scholars claim the text reads as follows: 

  1. Belonging to Yo'ur

References

Avigad, Nahman; Sass, Benjamin (1997) Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals. Published by THE ISRAEL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES, THE ISRAEL EXPLORATION SOCIETY, THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, and THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM. Online at: https://www.academia.edu/4786835/1997_Avigad_N_revised_and_completed_by_Sass_B_Corpus_of_West_Semitic_stamp_seals_Jerusalem 
Bought in Jerusalem in 1969, allegedly from Hebron. Now at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem (number 73.19.8). Seal is made from carnelian, 16 x 13 x 8 mm.

Hebron: Blaming Goddess Ayu For Drought (605 BCE Drought)

(May 3, 2023)  Image represents the Ancient Pagan Paradigm consisting of a source layer, connection layer, and manifestation layer.

Translation in Akkadian (Levant Text 60.141)

(Read right to left. Capital letters on seal. Small letters are inferred Inner vowels. Verb is italic bold)
  1. Lu  EMu  Lu  Ya  ESu (Levant Text 60.141.1) 
  2. IṢu  'Ya  ESu (Levant Text 60.141.2) 

(Dual use letters are E/H, I/Y, U/W, and '/A in which vowel appears at beginning of words except for Yahu which is keeping its traditional Hebrew transliteration)

In English 

  1. Lack of the Supervisor (Ayu) is from not lacking filtrate
  2. Scarcity is filtered by Ayu.

Previous Hebrew Translation Attempt

Some Hebrew language scholars claim the text reads as follows: 

  1. Belonging to Hissilyahu
  2. (son of) Yesha'yahu

References

Avigad, Nahman; Sass, Benjamin (1997) Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals. Published by THE ISRAEL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES, THE ISRAEL EXPLORATION SOCIETY, THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, and THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM. Online at: https://www.academia.edu/4786835/1997_Avigad_N_revised_and_completed_by_Sass_B_Corpus_of_West_Semitic_stamp_seals_Jerusalem 
Bought in Jerusalem in 1969, allegedly from Hebron district. Now at the Israel Museum (number 73.19.15). Seal made of black limestone, 11.5 x 9.5 x 7 mm.

Hebron: Defending The Feminine Powers of Selu/Selene and Asiru/Asherah (605 BCE Drought)

(May 2, 2023)  Selu is the motion source goddess representing the light and life motion power emanations from the stars. As a motion goddess she is doing the prodding. Asiru/Asherah is the life manifestation goddess responsible for filling the life forms opened by Yahu.

Translation in Akkadian (Levant Text 60.138)

(Read right to left. Capital letters on seal. Small letters are inferred Inner vowels. Verb is italic bold)
  1. ISu  Ṣe’u Ya  ESu (Levant Text 60.138.1) 
  2. TaLu  Ṣu  Ka'u (Levant Text 60.138.2) 

(Dual use letters are E/H, I/Y, U/W, and '/A in which vowel appears at beginning of words except for Yahu which is keeping its traditional Hebrew transliteration)

In English 

  1. The Woman (Selu, Selene) is not blocking the filtrate
  2. The mounded-one (Asiru, Asherah) is being activated by the prodding

Previous Hebrew Translation Attempt

Some Hebrew language scholars claim the text reads as follows: 

  1. Belonging to Hosha'yahu
  2. (son of) Elishama'

References

Avigad, Nahman; Sass, Benjamin (1997) Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals. Published by THE ISRAEL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES, THE ISRAEL EXPLORATION SOCIETY, THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, and THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM. Online at: https://www.academia.edu/4786835/1997_Avigad_N_revised_and_completed_by_Sass_B_Corpus_of_West_Semitic_stamp_seals_Jerusalem 
Bought in Jerusalem in 1970 allegedly from Hebron area.  Now at Israel Museum (73.19.33)  in Jerusalem. 
Seal made of rose quartz, 14 x 10.5 x 6 mm.

Hebron: Blaming Astrological Motion Powers for Drought (605 BCE)

(April 22, 2023)  Image (double lines) is that of the sky-shell. Drought is not due to the lack of flow by the fertility fluids through the life network (the "oozing")  but instead is due to the astrological motion powers. The letter style on this sealing is different from the pottery indicating a later date, especially the squarish "A."

Translation in Akkadian (Levant Text 60.36)

(Read right to left. Capital letters on seal. Small letters are inferred Inner vowels. Verb is italic bold)
  1. Lu  Ḫu  Ku  IŠe  Nu (Levant Text 60.36.1) 
  2. BeTu  A  Ḫ  KaPu (Levant 60.36.2)

(Dual use letters are E/H, I/Y, U/W, and '/A in which vowel appears at beginning of words except for Yahu which is keeping its traditional Hebrew transliteration)

In English. 

  1. Lack  of Hu is involving confusion of the Revealer (Yahu)
  2. The Houses (zodiac powers) hand-back that of Hu 

Previous Hebrew Translation Attempt

Some Hebrew language scholars claim the text reads as follows: 

Reference

Avigad, Nahman; Sass, Benjamin (1997) Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals. Published by THE ISRAEL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES, THE ISRAEL EXPLORA TION SOCIETY, THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, asnd THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM. Online at: https://www.academia.edu/4786835/1997_Avigad_N_revised_and_completed_by_Sass_B_Corpus_of_West_Semitic_stamp_seals_Jerusalem 
Bought in Jerusalem in 1968. The sealing was allegedly found in Hebron area. It is now at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem (number 73.19.17).

Powers Editing the Life Network Are To Blame for a Drought (605 BCE Drought)

(April 24, 2023)   

Translation in Akkadian (Levant Text 60.93)

(Read right to left. Capital letters on seal. Small letters are inferred Inner vowels. Verb is italic bold)
  1. Lu  ARu  Ya  ESu (Levant Text 60.93.1) 
  2. Ḫu  Bu  Nu  Ya  ESu (Levant Text 60.93.2) 

(Dual use letters are E/H, I/Y, U/W, and '/A in which vowel appears at beginning of words except for Yahu which is keeping its traditional Hebrew transliteration)

In English. 

  1. Lack is from not controlling the filtrate
  2. Hu's nourishments are not being revealed by the filtrate

Previous Hebrew Translation Attempt

Some Hebrew language scholars claim the text reads as follows: 

  1. Belonging to Uriyahu
  2. (son of) Hananyahu

References

Avigad, Nahman; Sass, Benjamin (1997) Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals. Published by THE ISRAEL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES, THE ISRAEL EXPLORATION SOCIETY, THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, and THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM. Online at: https://www.academia.edu/4786835/1997_Avigad_N_revised_and_completed_by_Sass_B_Corpus_of_West_Semitic_stamp_seals_Jerusalem 
Seal from Arad made from Carnelian. Lower photo from the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. Photo online at: https://www.imj.org.il/en/collections/369218-0

Arad: Lack of Life Is Not From Lack of Emotion Magic But Is From Crimping the Network Channels (605 BCE Drought)

(April 21, 2023)  This text is the same as seal 71 and shows the opposite opinion of seal 72. Here they sky-shell image is simpler with just two lines and no openings.

The  seals 70, 71, and 72 were discovered in 1965 at Arad, in a room of the citadel dating from the last decades of the Judaean monarchy (650-600 BCE). The same room also yielded three ostraca.

Translation in Akkadian (Levant Text 60.70)

(Read right to left. Capital letters on seal. Small letters are inferred Inner vowels. Verb is italic bold)
  1. Lu  A  Lu  Ya  ṢaBu (Levant Text 60.70.1) 
  2. Bu  Wu  AṢu  Ya  ESu (Levant Text 60.70.2) 

(Dual use letters are E/H, I/Y, U/W, and '/A in which vowel appears at beginning of words except for Yahu which is keeping its traditional Hebrew transliteration)

In English

  1.  Lack of this is from not lacking desire
  2. The nourishment's crimping is not expelling the filtrate

Previous Hebrew Translation Attempt

Some Hebrew language scholars claim the text reads as follows: 

  1. Belonging to Elyashib/ Elishab
  2. son of Ashyahu

References

Avigad, Nahman; Sass, Benjamin (1997) Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals. Published by THE ISRAEL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES, THE ISRAEL EXPLORATION SOCIETY, THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, and THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM. Online at: https://www.academia.edu/4786835/1997_Avigad_N_revised_and_completed_by_Sass_B_Corpus_of_West_Semitic_stamp_seals_Jerusalem 
Seal made from agate. Now at Jerusalem Museum. IAA number  67-1164.
Seal from Arad made from Carnelian. Now at Jerusalem Museum. IAA number  67-663. Photo online at: https://www.imj.org.il/en/collections/368323-0

Arad: Lack of Life Is Not From Lack of Emotion Magic But Is From Crimping the Network Channels (605 BCE Drought)

(April 21, 2023)  This text is the same as seal 70.   This image shows the sky-shell with two empty sky-shell openings indicating not enough fertility-fluids (filtrate) are getting through.  

Translation in Akkadian (Levant Text 60.71)

(Read right to left. Capital letters on seal. Small letters are inferred Inner vowels. Verb is italic bold)
  1. Lu  A  Lu  Ya  ṢaBu (Levant Text 60.71.1) 
  2. Bu  Wu  AṢu  Ya  ESu (Levant Text 60.71.2) 

(Dual use letters are E/H, I/Y, U/W, and '/A in which vowel appears at beginning of words except for Yahu which is keeping its traditional Hebrew transliteration)

In English 

  1.  Lack of this is from not lacking desire
  2. The nourishment's crimping is not expelling the filtrate

Previous Hebrew Translation Attempt

Some Hebrew language scholars claim the text reads as follows: 

  1. Belonging to Elyashib/ Elishab
  2. son of Ashyahu

References

Avigad, Nahman; Sass, Benjamin (1997) Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals. Published by THE ISRAEL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES, THE ISRAEL EXPLORATION SOCIETY, THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, and THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM. Online at: https://www.academia.edu/4786835/1997_Avigad_N_revised_and_completed_by_Sass_B_Corpus_of_West_Semitic_stamp_seals_Jerusalem 
This sealing Image of 60.72 is from Avigad and Sass 1997)
This seal 72 (bottom) from Arad and is made from a black stone. It is now at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem (IAA number 67-984.). Online at: https://www.imj.org.il/en/collections/368326-0

 Lack of Life Caused by Lack of Emotion Magic (605 BCE Drought)

(April 21, 2023) The image is of the sky-shell  with an opening filled by the sun indicating that it is open. Text is about lacking this due to a lack of using the emotion of desire in magical rituals.

Translation in Akkadian (Levant Text 60.72)

(Read right to left. Capital letters on seal. Small letters are inferred Inner vowels. Verb is italic bold)
  1. Lu  A  Lu  ṢaBu (Levant 60.72.1 Text) 
  2. U  AṢu  Ya  E (Levant 60.72.2 Text) 

(Dual use letters are E/H, I/Y, U/W, and '/A in which vowel appears at beginning of words except for Yahu which is keeping its traditional Hebrew transliteration)

In English. 

  1. Lack of this is from lacking desire
  2. and not expelling nothing.

Previous Hebrew Translation Attempt

Some Hebrew language scholars claim the text reads just like seals 70 and 71: 

  1. Belonging to Elyashib/ Elishab
  2. son of Ashyahu

References

Avigad, Nahman; Sass, Benjamin (1997) Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals. Published by THE ISRAEL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES, THE ISRAEL EXPLORATION SOCIETY, THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, and THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM. Online at: https://www.academia.edu/4786835/1997_Avigad_N_revised_and_completed_by_Sass_B_Corpus_of_West_Semitic_stamp_seals_Jerusalem 
This is a different black stone seal but it shows a similar sky-shell image. Too many of its letters are rubbed out to make a good translation. (from Avigad and Sass 1997)